Python 3.14 (Coding): Spiral Matrix Test

The problem involves iterating through a 2D matrix in a spiral order. This problem is relevant in various domains, including computer graphics and simulations. The solution typically manages boundaries traversing the while traversing the matrix. The solution to the problem is to traverse a 2D matrix in a spiral order and returning the elements in that order. Initialize a 2D vector dirs to represent the four possible directions of movement: right, down, left, and up.

Create an empty vector res to store the elements in spiral order.

Determine the number of rows (nr) and columns (nc) in the input matrix. If either is zero, return the empty result vector.

Create a vector nSteps to keep track of the number of steps in each direction. It initially contains the number of columns (nc) and one less than the number of rows (nr - 1).

Initialize variables iDir, ir, and ic. iDir keeps track of the current direction index, while ir and ic represent the initial position as row and column indices, respectively.

Enter a while loop that continues until both nSteps[0] and nSteps[1] become zero. This loop handles the traversal of the matrix in a spiral manner.

Within the loop, iterate through the elements in the current direction by updating ir and ic based on the direction specified by iDir and appending the element at the current position to the result vector res.

Decrease the number of steps in the current direction by one (nSteps[iDir%2]--) and update the direction index (iDir) by incrementing it modulo 4 to cycle through the four possible directions.

Once both nSteps[0] and nSteps[1] become zero, the while loop terminates, and the function returns the result vector res containing the matrix elements in spiral order.